Table 1.
Global distribution of environmental B. pseudomallei.
Figure 1.
Flow diagram showing study selection.
Figure 2.
Global map showing the distribution of B. pseudomallei.
Definitions of definite, probable and possible presence of environmental B. pseudomallei are described in Table 1. 1 represents ‘Jardin des Plantes’ in Paris where soil cultures positive for B. pseudomallei were initially reported after an outbreak of melioidosis, which was thought to have originated from a panda imported from China [14]. 2 represents Bologna, Italy, where B. pseudomallei in tap water (6 out of 85 specimens) was reported in 2000 [21]. However, confirmation of B. pseudomallei by specific identification methods was not reported. 3 represents Chittering, southwest Western Australia, where B. pseudomallei was isolated and confirmed from a single soil specimen in 1980, following the outbreak of melioidosis in animals [17], [38]. There has been no evidence of environmental B. pseudomallei in southwest Western Australia since then.
Table 2.
Published and recommended sampling strategies for the isolation of B. pseudomallei from soil.
Table 3.
Published and recommended methodologies for the isolation of B. pseudomallei from soil.
Table 4.
Publishing the findings of studies conducted to isolate B. pseudomallei from soil.