Table 1.
Patients' characteristics and localization of probe.
Table 2.
Conventional macroscopic and histological diagnostic criteria for the differential diagnosis of AE and CE [5].
Table 3.
Cases with difficult histological/cytological diagnoses.
Figure 1.
Immunohistochemical staining modalities of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) Em2G11 for metacestodes of Echinococcus multilocularis.
Figure 1A: In metacestodes grown in a Mongolian jird, the antibody strongly marks the laminated layer (single arrow left below). The germinal layer and calcareous corpuscles are strongly stained (two arrows and single arrow right) as well as the precipitated cyst fluid. The area oft the rostellum is superimposed with a positive reacting layer (dashed line) while the inner part of the protoscolex did not react with the monoclonal antibody; bar = 50 µm. 1B, C: In human liver, the Em2 antigen is strongly positive in the slender laminated layer of E. multilocularis. The staining reveals a tubular and infiltrative growth pattern (arrows). In contrast, the laminated layer of E. granulosus is much broader (arrows), no staining is detected by mAb Em2G11; bar = 1000 µm.
Figure 2.
Immunohistochemical staining modalities of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) Em2G11 for metacestodes of Echinococcus multilocularis.
Figure 2A: E. multilocularis lesion in human liver tissue. The antigen is detected in the laminated layer (two arrows, right) and in the necrotic area around the lesion (dashed lined area, right). The antibody detects small particles of E. multilocularis (spems) up two 1.5 mm away from the main lesion in a small liver vessel (small area marked with a dashed line on the left). Insert left highlights this lesion at a higher magnification showing a specific staining of spems. Insert right shows specific staining in lymphoid tissue of a regional lymph node on the surface of cells (arrows; bar = 750 µm; bar insert = 40 µm). B: In contrast, no staining is observed in caseous necrosis of tuberculosis (arrows low) and in bronchial epithelial tissue (arrows high; bar = 50 µm). C: Serial section of an aspirate from the liver. C shows a PAS staining of a strongly positive laminated layer. C′: Staining of the section with mAb Em2G11 reveals a strong positivity of the laminated layer and of the necrotic tissue with spems (dashed lined area; bar = 500 µm). D: PAS staining of brain tissue showing the laminated layer of an E. multilocularis metacestode. D′: The laminated layer is strongly positive for mAb Em2G11 even after 60 years of formalin fixation (bar = 50 µm).