Figure 1.
Flow-chart showing the steps used to assemble the GNTD database.
1. PubMed [24], ISI Web of Knowledge [25], African Journal Online (AJOL) [26], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-resources documentaries [28], WHO library archive [27], Doumenge et al. [17]; 2. Dissertations and theses in local universities or public health departments, ministry of health reports, other reports and personal communication. 3. Proforma and MySQL database include: (i) data source (authors); (ii) document type; (iii) location of the survey; (iv) area information (rural or urban); (v) coordinates (lat long in decimal degrees); (vi) method of the sample recruitment and diagnostic technique; (vii) description of survey (community-, school- or hospital-based); (viii) date of survey (month/year); and (ix) prevalence information (number of subjects examined and positive by age group and parasite species).
Figure 2.
African map of schistosomiasis survey locations based on current progress of the GNTD database.
Survey locations are represented by pink squares for S. matthei, blue diamonds for S. margrebowiei, yellow stars for S. intercalatum, green crosses for S. bovis, brown dots for S. mansoni and red triangles for S. haematobium. Surveys where subjects were screened for co-occurrence of multiple species are indicated with overlapping symbols.
Table 1.
Number of Schistosoma spp. survey locations in the GNTD database in Africa stratified by country.
Figure 3.
Observed prevalence of S. mansoni based on current progress of the GNTD database in Africa.
The data included 4604 georeferenced survey locations. Prevalence equal to 0% in yellow dots, low infection rates (0.1–9.9%) in orange dots, moderate infection rates (10.0–49.9%) in light brown dots and high infection rates (≥50%) in brown dots. Cut-offs follow WHO recommendations [35].
Figure 4.
Observed prevalence of S. haematobium based on current progress of the GNTD database in Africa.
The data included 5807 georeferenced survey locations. Prevalence equal to 0%, low infection rates (0.1–9.9%), moderate infection rates (10.0–49.9%) and high infection rates (≥50%) indicated by a red scale from light red to dark red. Cut-offs follow WHO recommendations [35].