Figure 1.
Fecal egg counts in hookworm mono- and co-infected individuals.
Footnotes: Circles represent individual values for eggs per gram of feces (epg) and are shown on a logarithmic scale. Boxes indicate the median and the quartiles for each group and the whiskers indicate the 95% ranges. Groups are split in hookworm mono-infected (HW), co-infected with A. lumbricoides (HW+ASC), co-infected with S. mansoni (HW+SM), and triple-infected individuals (HW+ASC+SM). Kruskal-Wallis test on differences in hookworm egg counts between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.523).
Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of groups mono- or co-infected with hookworm.
Table 2.
Cell surface markers on PBMC from hookworm mono- and co-infected individuals.
Table 3.
Comparison of hookworm-specific antibody responses in sera from mono- and co-infected individuals.
Figure 2.
Robust principal component analysis (PCA) of log-transformed serum antibody values in response to hookworm antigens.
Footnotes: The principal component scores for individuals mono- (•) and co-infected (▴) with hookworm are shown. The respective mean values are shown as open symbols, with 95% confidence ellipses (p value for bivariate T2 test is 0.006). The arrows show the strongest loadings, i.e. contributions of the original variables to the principal components.
Table 4.
Correlations (Spearman's rank test) between individual hookworm egg counts and antigen-induced cytokine/ chemokine secretions.
Table 5.
L3 antigen-induced cytokine and chemokine secretion in lymphocyte cultures from individuals mono- or co-infected with hookworm.
Table 6.
Adult worm antigen-induced cytokine and chemokine secretion in lymphocyte cultures from individuals mono- or co-infected with hookworm.
Table 7.
ES antigen-induced cytokine and chemokine secretion in lymphocyte cultures from individuals mono- or co-infected with hookworm.