Table 1.
Development of Brugia spp. parasites in mosquitoes following blood feeding on microfilaremic gerbils.
Table 2.
Brugia pahangi mf successfully develop to infective stage larvae when inoculated into the hemocoel of Cx. p. pipiens, and fail to develop after exposure to the Culex midgut environment.
Figure 1.
Enzyme sensitivity and external morphology of midgut-derived B. pahangi mf.
Panel A, LVP-derived mf with sheath removed by papain treatment; B, Cpp-derived mf after papain treatment; C, scanning electron micrograph of sheathed LVP-derived mf; D, scanning electron micrograph of sheathed Cpp-derived mf. Scale bars: panels A and B, 50 µM; C and D, 20 µM.
Figure 2.
Ultrastructural aspects of LVP-derived B. pahangi mf.
Longitudinal section demonstrates typical ultrastructural aspects of a healthy mf, with pronounced nuclei in the nuclear column, regular striations in the cuticle, and undisrupted longitudinal body muscle. Panel A, longitudinal section of full length mf; B, high magnification view of nuclear column in the boxed area anterior to the nerve ring. NR, nerve ring; EV, excretory vesicle; IN, innenkorper; AV, anal vesicle; C, scalloped cuticle; m; longitudinal muscle; ps, pseudocoelom. Scale bars: panel A, 20 µM; B, 2 µM.
Figure 3.
Ultrastructural aspects of Cpp-derived B. pahangi mf.
Longitudinal section demonstrates vacuolization of the nuclear column, disruption of the hypodermis and body wall muscle, and release of material from the excretory vesicle. Panel A, longitudinal section of full length mf; B, high magnification view of nuclear column in the boxed area anterior to the excretory vesicle; C, excretory vesicle activity from a Cpp-damaged worm, showing release of visible material from the pore and accumulation of the material between the scalloped cuticle and the overlying sheath. NR, nerve ring; EV, excretory vesicle; IN, innenkorper; AV, anal vesicle; C, cuticle; m; longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: panel A, 20 µM; B and C, 2 µM.