Figure 1.
Geographic distribution of the sites in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia with confirmed cases of VEE.
Table 1.
List of VEE isolates included in the study.
Table 2.
Antigenic characterization of the isolates.
Figure 2.
Neighbor joining phylogenetic tree of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) complex.
The tree was derived from partial envelope glycoprotein precursor (PE2) gene sequences of recent VEEV isolates from Ecuador (green), Peru (red), and Bolivia (blue) and previously published homologous sequences, using the neighbor joining program implemented in PAUP* version 4.0 [31]. The tree was rooted using an outgroup comprised of 4 major lineages of eastern equine encephalitis virus [32]; the outgroup has been removed to improve resolution of the figure. Virus strains are labeled by VEE complex subtype, abbreviated country name and year of isolation (last two digits of year only), followed by the strain or code designation. The abbreviated country names are as follows: PA, Panama; GU, Guatemala; MX, Mexico; FL, Florida; TX, Texas; TR, Trinidad; FG, French Guiana; VE, Venezuela; CO, Colombia; BR, Brazil; AG, Argentina; PE, Peru; EC, Ecuador; BO, Bolivia. Numbers indicate bootstrap values for the clades to the right. Trees generated using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods had identical topologies except for some groupings between subtypes III and V.