Figure 1.
Species identification of H. taichui, O. viverrini and C. sinensis using PCR and PCR-RFLP analysis.
Panel A displays PCR products of RTFlukeFa and RTFlukeRa run on a 1.5% agarose gel. From left to right, lanes 1–5 show products of artificially mixed C. sinensis (7.6 ng) and H. taichui (7.0 ng) DNA in ratios of 1∶1, 2∶1, 3∶1, 1∶2 and 1∶3 respectively, lane 6 shows a 100 base pair DNA ladder. Panel B displays PCR products of RTFlukeFa and RTFlukeRa run on a 1.5% agarose gel. From left to right, lanes 1–5 show products of artificially missed O. viverrini (6.0 ng) and H. taichui (7.0 ng) DNA in ratios of 1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶3, 2∶1 and 3∶1 respectively, lane 6 displays a negative control and lane 7 shows a 100 base pair DNA ladder. Panel C displays PCR and PCR-RFLP products of RTFlukeFa and RTFlukeRa run on a 2.0% agarose gel. Lanes 1 and 8 display a 100 base pair ladder. Lanes 2 and 3 show amplified products of O. viverrini eggs in faeces, undigested and digested products respectively, lanes 4 and 5 show amplified products of C. sinensis eggs in faeces, undigested and digested products respectively and lanes 6 and 7 show artificially mixed infections of O. viverrini and C. sinensis egg-positive faeces undigested and digested products respectively.
Figure 2.
A flow diagram illustrating the study design and summary of diagnostic test results.
Table 1.
Summary of PCR and microscopy results for the detection of liver and intestinal flukes.
Figure 3.
Phenogram construction of the ITS-2 region of the opisthorchid and heterophyid flukes isolated from humans in this study (denoted by their individual code), the adult positive controls and GenBank using the neighbour-joining algorithm and maximum parsimony.