A comparative cross-reactivity and paraspecific neutralization study on Hypnale hypnale, Echis carinatus, and Daboia russelii monovalent and therapeutic polyvalent anti-venoms
Fig 9
Neutralization of edema inducing activity and hemorrhagic activity of H. hypnale venom by anti-venoms using murine model.
(A) Edema inducing activity, and (B) hemorrhagic activity of Hhv; in both cases, Hhv was independently pre-incubated with various doses (50–500 μg) of HhAV, EcAV, DrAV, BhAV, and ViAV for 15 min at room temperature. Hhv, 5 μg alone was considered as 200% edema-inducing activity, and 5 μg Hhv alone was considered as 100% hemorrhagic activity. The data is presented as Mean ± SEM (n = 3).