A comparative cross-reactivity and paraspecific neutralization study on Hypnale hypnale, Echis carinatus, and Daboia russelii monovalent and therapeutic polyvalent anti-venoms
Fig 8
Neutralization of biochemical activities of H. hypnale venom by anti-venoms.
(A) Proteolytic, (B) Indirect hemolytic, (C) L-Amino acid oxidase, and (D) 5’-Nucleotidase activities. Hhv was independently pre-incubated with various doses (50–10000 μg/ml) of HhAV, EcAV, DrAV, BhAV, and ViAV for 15 min at room temperature. Protease activity; 50 μg/ml of Hhv alone was considered as 100% activity, hemolytic activity; 20 μg/ml of Hhv alone was considered as 100% activity, L-amino acid oxidase activity; 100 μg/ml of Hhv alone was considered as 100% activity, and 5’-Nucleotidase activity; 15 μg/ml of Hhv alone was considered as 100% activity. The data is presented as Mean ± SEM (n = 3).