A comparative cross-reactivity and paraspecific neutralization study on Hypnale hypnale, Echis carinatus, and Daboia russelii monovalent and therapeutic polyvalent anti-venoms
Fig 6
Murine model of myotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of H. hypnale, E. carinatus, and D. russelii venoms.
The groups (n = 4) of mice were independently injected intramuscularly (i.m.) with the LD50 doses of Hhv (3.5 mg/kg), Ecv (2.5 mg/kg), and Drv (3.0 mg/kg) into the thigh muscle in 50 μl of PBS. The groups of mice that received PBS alone served as control experiments. After 24 hours, mice were anesthetized using xylazine; blood was drawn by cardiac puncture. The marker enzymes, LDH (A), CK (B), and CK-MB (C) activities (Units/L) were assayed in the mice serum. The data is presented as Mean ± SEM (n = 4) and analyzed using one-way/two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-tests, ‘**** p <0.0001, *** p <0.001, ** p <0.01, * p <0.05, and ns (not significant)>0.05. ‘*’ significant compared to the control group (PBS).