Giardiasis in Japan, the United States of America, and Europe from 2007 to 2023, highlighting a decline during the COVID-19 pandemic

• Hirotake Mori ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Hirotake Mori

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: h.mori.oa@juntendo.ac.jp

  Affiliations Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7988-5758

  ⨯
• Ryoko Makuuchi,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

  ⨯
• Daria Krokva,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

  ⨯
• Dmytro Remez,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

  ⨯
• Rapeepun Prasertbun,

  Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

  ⨯
• Yoshiro Hadano,

  Roles Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan

  ⨯
• Supaluk Popruk,

  Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

  ⨯
• Aongart Mahittikorn,

  Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

  ⨯
• Rapeephan R. Maude,

  Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, Department of Epidemiology, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

  ⨯
• Dhammika Leshan Wannigama,

  Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University and Yamagata University Hospital, Yamagata, Japan, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan

  ⨯
• Raita Tamaki,

  Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

  ⨯
• Gautam A. Deshpande,

  Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of International Healthcare, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Internal Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, United States of America

  ⨯
• Roger Frutos,

  Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations CIRAD, URM 17, Intertryp, Montpellier, France, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine-Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

  ⨯
• Chris Smith,

  Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Toshio Naito

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

  ⨯