Diagnostic heterogeneity in scrub typhus serology: A scoping review of IFA thresholds and regional standardisation needs (2005–2024)

Khanh Kim Le; Kartika Saraswati; Jantana Wongsantichon; Nicholas P. J. Day; Stuart D. Blacksell

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0013540

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Diagnostic heterogeneity in scrub typhus serology: A scoping review of IFA thresholds and regional standardisation needs (2005–2024)

Khanh Kim Le,

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kartika Saraswati,

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
⨯
Jantana Wongsantichon,

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
⨯
Nicholas P. J. Day,

Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
⨯
Stuart D. Blacksell

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: stuart.blacksell@ndm.ox.ac.uk

Affiliations Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6576-726X

⨯

Diagnostic heterogeneity in scrub typhus serology: A scoping review of IFA thresholds and regional standardisation needs (2005–2024)

Khanh Kim Le,
Kartika Saraswati,
Jantana Wongsantichon,
Nicholas P. J. Day,
Stuart D. Blacksell

Published: October 22, 2025
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013540

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Enzyme-linked immunoassays
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