Environmental surveillance for Salmonella Typhi in rivers and wastewater from an informal sewage network in Blantyre, Malawi

• Christopher B. Uzzell ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Christopher B. Uzzell, Elizabeth Gray, Jonathan Rigby

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: c.uzzell@imperial.ac.uk (CBU); e.gray@imperial.ac.uk (EG)

  Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4204-3485

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• Elizabeth Gray ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Christopher B. Uzzell, Elizabeth Gray, Jonathan Rigby

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: c.uzzell@imperial.ac.uk (CBU); e.gray@imperial.ac.uk (EG)

  Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

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• Jonathan Rigby ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Christopher B. Uzzell, Elizabeth Gray, Jonathan Rigby

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi

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• Catherine M. Troman,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

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• Yohane Diness,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi

  ⨯
• Charity Mkwanda,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi

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• Katalina Tonthola,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi

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• Oscar Kanjerwa,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi

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• Chifundo Salifu,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi

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• Tonney Nyirenda,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi

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• Chisomo Chilupsya,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi

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• Chisomo Msefula,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi

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• Nicola Elviss,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Science Group, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom

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• Nicholas C. Grassly ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ NCG and NAF also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

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• Nicholas A. Feasey

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ NCG and NAF also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliations Department of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom

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