Detection of Salmonella Typhi bacteriophages in surface waters as a scalable approach to environmental surveillance

• Sneha Shrestha ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Sneha Shrestha, Kesia Esther Da Silva

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Research and Surveillance, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal, Research and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal

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• Kesia Esther Da Silva ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Sneha Shrestha, Kesia Esther Da Silva

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: kesiaeds@stanford.edu

  Affiliation Stanford University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8593-1119

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• Jivan Shakya,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Research in Science and Technology, Kathmandu, Nepal

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• Alexander T. Yu,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Stanford University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Nishan Katuwal,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Research and Surveillance, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal, Research and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal

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• Rajeev Shrestha,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Research and Surveillance, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal, Research and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal, Department of Pharmacology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

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• Mudita Shakya,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Research and Surveillance, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal, Research and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal

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• Sabin Bikram Shahi,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Research and Surveillance, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal, Research and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal

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• Shiva Ram Naga,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Research and Surveillance, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal, Research and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal

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• Christopher LeBoa,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation University of California Berkeley, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Berkeley, California, United States of America

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• Kristen Aiemjoy,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Davis, California, United States of America

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• Isaac I. Bogoch,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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• Senjuti Saha,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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• Dipesh Tamrakar ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ DT and JRA also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Research and Surveillance, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal, Research and Development Division, Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal, Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

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• Jason R. Andrews

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ DT and JRA also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Stanford University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

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