Snakebite epidemiology, outcomes and multi-cluster risk modelling in Eswatini

• Sara Padidar ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: spadidar@uniswa.sz

  Affiliations Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini, Eswatini Antivenom Foundation, Simunye, Eswatini, Eswatini Snakebite Research and Intervention Centre, Simunye, Eswatini

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2769-210X

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• Ara Monadjem,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini, Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa

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• Thea Litschka-Koen,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Eswatini Antivenom Foundation, Simunye, Eswatini, Eswatini Snakebite Research and Intervention Centre, Simunye, Eswatini

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• Brent Thomas,

  Roles Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Nondusimo Shongwe,

  Roles Data curation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Eswatini Antivenom Foundation, Simunye, Eswatini, Eswatini Snakebite Research and Intervention Centre, Simunye, Eswatini

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• Clare Baker,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Lindelwa Mmema,

  Roles Data curation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Eswatini Antivenom Foundation, Simunye, Eswatini, Eswatini Snakebite Research and Intervention Centre, Simunye, Eswatini

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• Trevor Sithole,

  Roles Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Research Unit, Ministry of Health, Mbabane, Eswatini

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• James Murray,

  Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Eswatini Antivenom Foundation, Simunye, Eswatini, Eswatini Snakebite Research and Intervention Centre, Simunye, Eswatini

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• Nicholas R. Casewell,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Jonathan Pons,

  Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Eswatini Antivenom Foundation, Simunye, Eswatini, Eswatini Snakebite Research and Intervention Centre, Simunye, Eswatini

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• David G. Lalloo,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Robert A. Harrison,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Ymkje Stienstra,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands

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• Wisdom M. Dlamini

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Geography, Environmental Science and Planning, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini

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