Knockdown resistance mutations are common and widely distributed in Xenopsylla cheopis fleas that transmit plague in Madagascar

• Shelby M. Hutton,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  Current address: Laboratory Reference and Research Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

  Affiliation Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• Adelaide Miarinjara,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Current address: Department of Environmental Sciences and Program in Population Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

  Affiliation Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

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• Nathan E. Stone,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• Fara N. Raharimalala,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology

  Affiliation Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

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• Annick O. Raveloson,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

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• Ravo Rakotobe Harimanana,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

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• Mireille Harimalala,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

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• Soanandrasana Rahelinirina,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Plague Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

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• Ryelan F. McDonough,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• Abbe D. Ames,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Office of Field Operations, Food Safety Inspection Service, Department of Agriculture, Souderton, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Crystal Hepp,

  Roles Formal analysis

  Affiliation Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• Minoarisoa Rajerison,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation

  Affiliation Plague Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

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• Joseph D. Busch,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• David M. Wagner,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• Romain Girod

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: rgirod@pasteur.mg

  Affiliation Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8084-7372

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