Case-control investigation of invasive Salmonella disease in Malawi reveals no evidence of environmental or animal transmission of invasive strains, and supports human to human transmission

Leonard Koolman; Reenesh Prakash; Yohane Diness; Chisomo Msefula; Tonney S. Nyirenda; Franziska Olgemoeller; Paul Wigley; Blanca Perez-Sepulveda; Jay C. D. Hinton; Siân V. Owen; Nicholas A. Feasey; Philip M. Ashton; Melita A. Gordon

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010982

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Case-control investigation of invasive Salmonella disease in Malawi reveals no evidence of environmental or animal transmission of invasive strains, and supports human to human transmission

Leonard Koolman ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Leonard Koolman, Reenesh Prakash

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
⨯
Reenesh Prakash ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Leonard Koolman, Reenesh Prakash

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
⨯
Yohane Diness,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
⨯
Chisomo Msefula,

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
⨯
Tonney S. Nyirenda,

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
⨯
Franziska Olgemoeller,

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi, Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
⨯
Paul Wigley,

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
⨯
Blanca Perez-Sepulveda,

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
⨯
Jay C. D. Hinton,

Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
⨯
Siân V. Owen,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
⨯
Nicholas A. Feasey,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi, Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
⨯
Philip M. Ashton ,

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: philip.ashton@liverpool.ac.uk

Affiliations Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1545-9661

⨯
Melita A. Gordon

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
⨯

Case-control investigation of invasive Salmonella disease in Malawi reveals no evidence of environmental or animal transmission of invasive strains, and supports human to human transmission

Leonard Koolman,
Reenesh Prakash,
Yohane Diness,
Chisomo Msefula,
Tonney S. Nyirenda,
Franziska Olgemoeller,
Paul Wigley,
Blanca Perez-Sepulveda,
Jay C. D. Hinton,
Siân V. Owen

Published: December 12, 2022
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010982

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