Active search strategies, clinicoimmunobiological determinants and training for implementation research confirm hidden endemic leprosy in inner São Paulo, Brazil

• Fred Bernardes Filho ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Fred Bernardes Filho, Natália Aparecida de Paula, Marco Andrey Cipriani Frade

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Dermatology Division, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, Center of National Reference in Sanitary Dermatology focusing on Leprosy of Ribeirão Preto Clinical Hospital, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4690-1608

  ⨯
• Claudia Maria Lincoln Silva ,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ CMLS, GV, MNL, ALRAR, GB, and NTF also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliations Dermatology Division, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, Center of National Reference in Sanitary Dermatology focusing on Leprosy of Ribeirão Preto Clinical Hospital, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

  ⨯
• Glauber Voltan ,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ CMLS, GV, MNL, ALRAR, GB, and NTF also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliations Dermatology Division, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, Center of National Reference in Sanitary Dermatology focusing on Leprosy of Ribeirão Preto Clinical Hospital, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

  ⨯
• Marcel Nani Leite ,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ CMLS, GV, MNL, ALRAR, GB, and NTF also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliations Dermatology Division, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, Center of National Reference in Sanitary Dermatology focusing on Leprosy of Ribeirão Preto Clinical Hospital, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2121-8688

  ⨯
• Ana Laura Rosifini Alves Rezende ,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ CMLS, GV, MNL, ALRAR, GB, and NTF also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliations Dermatology Division, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, Center of National Reference in Sanitary Dermatology focusing on Leprosy of Ribeirão Preto Clinical Hospital, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6073-2727

  ⨯
• Natália Aparecida de Paula ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Fred Bernardes Filho, Natália Aparecida de Paula, Marco Andrey Cipriani Frade

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Dermatology Division, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, Center of National Reference in Sanitary Dermatology focusing on Leprosy of Ribeirão Preto Clinical Hospital, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3744-8947

  ⨯
• Josafá Gonçalves Barreto ,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ CMLS, GV, MNL, ALRAR, GB, and NTF also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Brazil

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0817-3486

  ⨯
• Norma Tiraboschi Foss ,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ CMLS, GV, MNL, ALRAR, GB, and NTF also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliations Dermatology Division, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, Center of National Reference in Sanitary Dermatology focusing on Leprosy of Ribeirão Preto Clinical Hospital, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

  ⨯
• Marco Andrey Cipriani Frade

  Contributed equally to this work with: Fred Bernardes Filho, Natália Aparecida de Paula, Marco Andrey Cipriani Frade

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: mandrey@fmrp.usp.br

  Affiliations Dermatology Division, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, Center of National Reference in Sanitary Dermatology focusing on Leprosy of Ribeirão Preto Clinical Hospital, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2700-5971

  ⨯