Interactions between helminths and tuberculosis infections: Implications for tuberculosis diagnosis and vaccination in Africa

• Simeon I. Cadmus ,

  * E-mail: simeonc5@gmail.com

  Affiliations Depeartment of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Centre for Control and Prevention of Zoonoses, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3281-2316

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• Victor O. Akinseye,

  Affiliation Depeartment of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4616-7239

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• Babafemi O. Taiwo,

  Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

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• Elena O. Pinelli,

  Affiliation Center for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands

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• Dick van Soolingen,

  Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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• Shelley G. Rhodes

  Affiliation TB Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom

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