Mapping Schistosoma mansoni endemicity in Rwanda: a critical assessment of geographical disparities arising from circulating cathodic antigen versus Kato-Katz diagnostics

• Nicholas J. Clark ,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: nicholas.j.clark1214@gmail.com

  ¶‡ These authors share first authorship on this work.

  Affiliations UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia, Children Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-3301

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• Irenee Umulisa ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision

  ¶‡ These authors share first authorship on this work.

  Affiliation Neglected Tropical Diseases and Other Parasitic Diseases Unit, Malaria and Other Parasitic Diseases Division, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda

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• Eugene Ruberanziza,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Neglected Tropical Diseases and Other Parasitic Diseases Unit, Malaria and Other Parasitic Diseases Division, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda

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• Kei Owada,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia, Children Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia

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• Daniel G. Colley,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Georgia, United States of America

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• Giuseppina Ortu,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI), Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9234-756X

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• Carl H. Campbell Jr,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Georgia, United States of America

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• Emmanuel Ruzindana,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Microbiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory (NRL) Division, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda

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• Warren Lancaster,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation The END Fund, New York, New York, United States of America

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• Jean Bosco Mbonigaba,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Neglected Tropical Diseases and Other Parasitic Diseases Unit, Malaria and Other Parasitic Diseases Division, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda

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• Aimable Mbituyumuremyi,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Malaria and Other Parasitic Diseases Division, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda

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• Alan Fenwick,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI), Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

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• Ricardo J. Soares Magalhaes,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia, Children Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia

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• Innocent Turate

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of HIV/AIDS, Disease Prevention and Control (IHDPC), Rwanda Biomedical Center, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda

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