Preclinical antivenom-efficacy testing reveals potentially disturbing deficiencies of snakebite treatment capability in East Africa

• Robert A. Harrison ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: Robert.Harrison@lstmed.ac.uk

  Affiliation The Alistair Reid Venom Research Unit, Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9842-5573

  ⨯
• George O. Oluoch,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources

  Affiliation The Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya

  ⨯
• Stuart Ainsworth,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

  Affiliation The Alistair Reid Venom Research Unit, Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Jaffer Alsolaiss,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation The Alistair Reid Venom Research Unit, Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Fiona Bolton,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation The Alistair Reid Venom Research Unit, Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Ana-Silvia Arias,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

  ⨯
• José-María Gutiérrez,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

  ⨯
• Paul Rowley,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation The Alistair Reid Venom Research Unit, Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Stephen Kalya,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation County Health Services, County Government of Baringo, Kabarnet, Baringo, Kenya

  ⨯
• Hastings Ozwara,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation The Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya

  ⨯
• Nicholas R. Casewell

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation The Alistair Reid Venom Research Unit, Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom

  ⨯