The Burden of Cryptosporidium Diarrheal Disease among Children < 24 Months of Age in Moderate/High Mortality Regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, Utilizing Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS)

• Samba O. Sow ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Samba O. Sow, Khitam Muhsen

  Affiliation Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Bamako, Mali

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• Khitam Muhsen ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Samba O. Sow, Khitam Muhsen

  Current address: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel

  Affiliation Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Dilruba Nasrin,

  Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• William C. Blackwelder,

  Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Yukun Wu,

  Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Emergent Biosolutions, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America

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• Tamer H. Farag,

  Current address: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

  Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Sandra Panchalingam,

  Affiliation Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Dipika Sur,

  Current address: Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India

  Affiliation National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India

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• Anita K. M. Zaidi,

  Current address: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

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• Abu S. G. Faruque,

  Affiliation International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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• Debasish Saha,

  Affiliations Medical Research Council (United Kingdom) Unit, Fajara, Gambia, GSK Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium

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• Richard Adegbola,

  Affiliations Medical Research Council (United Kingdom) Unit, Fajara, Gambia, GSK Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium

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• Pedro L. Alonso,

  Current address: WHO Global Malaria Programme, Geneva, Switzerland

  Affiliations Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique, ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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• Robert F. Breiman,

  Current address: Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

  Affiliation Global Disease Detection Division, Kenya Office of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya

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• Quique Bassat,

  Affiliations Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique, ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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• Boubou Tamboura,

  Affiliation Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Bamako, Mali

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• Doh Sanogo,

  Affiliation Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Bamako, Mali

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• Uma Onwuchekwa,

  Affiliation Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Bamako, Mali

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• Byomkesh Manna,

  Affiliation National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India

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• Thandavarayan Ramamurthy,

  Current address: Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India

  Affiliation National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India

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• Suman Kanungo,

  Affiliation National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India

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• Shahnawaz Ahmed,

  Affiliation International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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• Shahida Qureshi,

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

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• Farheen Quadri,

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

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• Anowar Hossain,

  Affiliation International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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• Sumon K. Das,

  Affiliation International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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• Martin Antonio,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (United Kingdom) Unit, Fajara, Gambia

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• M. Jahangir Hossain,

  Affiliation Medical Research Council (United Kingdom) Unit, Fajara, Gambia

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• Inacio Mandomando,

  Affiliations Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique

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• Tacilta Nhampossa,

  Affiliations Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique

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• Sozinho Acácio,

  Affiliations Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique

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• Richard Omore,

  Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya

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• Joseph O. Oundo,

  Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya

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• John B. Ochieng,

  Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya

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• Eric D. Mintz,

  Affiliation Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

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• Ciara E. O’Reilly,

  Affiliation Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

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• Lynette Y. Berkeley,

  Current address: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

  Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Sofie Livio,

  Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Sharon M. Tennant,

  Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Halvor Sommerfelt,

  Affiliation Centre of Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, and Department of International Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

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• James P. Nataro,

  Current address: Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

  Affiliation Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Tomer Ziv-Baran,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel

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• Roy M. Robins-Browne,

  Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

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• Vladimir Mishcherkin,

  Affiliation Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Jixian Zhang,

  Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

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• Jie Liu,

  Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

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• Eric R. Houpt,

  Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

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• Karen L. Kotloff,

  Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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•  [ ... ],
• Myron M. Levine

  * E-mail: mlevine@medicine.umaryland.edu

  Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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