Severity of Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Is Influenced by Previous Exposure to Sandfly Bites in Saudi Arabia

• Karina Mondragon-Shem ,

  ¶‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Waleed S. Al-Salem ,

  ¶‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliations Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Vector Borne Diseases, Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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• Louise Kelly-Hope,

  Affiliations Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Maha Abdeladhim,

  Affiliation Vector Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

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• Mohammed H. Al-Zahrani,

  Affiliation Department of Vector Borne Diseases, Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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• Jesus G. Valenzuela,

  Affiliation Vector Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

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• Alvaro Acosta-Serrano

  * E-mail: alvaro.acosta-serrano@lstmed.ac.uk

  Affiliations Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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