Exposure to Multiple Parasites Is Associated with the Prevalence of Active Convulsive Epilepsy in Sub-Saharan Africa

• Gathoni Kamuyu ,

  * E-mail: GKamuyu@kemri-wellcome.org

  Affiliations KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, The Centre of Geographical Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya, Studies of the Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Surveillance Systems (SEEDS)-INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana

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• Christian Bottomley,

  Affiliations Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

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• James Mageto,

  Affiliations KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, The Centre of Geographical Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya

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• Brett Lowe,

  Affiliations KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, The Centre of Geographical Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya, Studies of the Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Surveillance Systems (SEEDS)-INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

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• Patricia P. Wilkins,

  Affiliation Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

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• John C. Noh,

  Affiliation Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

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• Thomas B. Nutman,

  Affiliation Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

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• Anthony K. Ngugi,

  Affiliations KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, The Centre of Geographical Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya, Studies of the Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Surveillance Systems (SEEDS)-INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana, Research Support Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University (East Africa), Nairobi, Kenya

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• Rachael Odhiambo,

  Affiliation KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, The Centre of Geographical Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya

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• Ryan G. Wagner,

  Affiliations MRC/Wits Rural Public Health & Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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• Angelina Kakooza-Mwesige,

  Affiliations Studies of the Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Surveillance Systems (SEEDS)-INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana, Iganga-Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Iganga, Uganda, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda

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• Seth Owusu-Agyei,

  Affiliation Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana

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• Kenneth Ae-Ngibise,

  Affiliation Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana

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• Honorati Masanja,

  Affiliation Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania

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• Faith H. A. Osier,

  Affiliation KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, The Centre of Geographical Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya

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• Peter Odermatt,

  Affiliations Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, Unversity of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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• Charles R. Newton,

  Affiliations KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, The Centre of Geographical Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya, Studies of the Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Surveillance Systems (SEEDS)-INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana, Neurosciences Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom, Clinical Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

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•  [ ... ],
• on behalf of the Study of Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Sites (SEEDS) group

  ¶Membership of the Study of Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Sites (SEEDS) group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

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