About the Authors

Isaac H. Bates

Contributed equally to this work with: Isaac H. Bates, Sabrina L. Li

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Sabrina L. Li

Contributed equally to this work with: Isaac H. Bates, Sabrina L. Li

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

lisabrinaly@gmail.com‌‌

Affiliations School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Kris V. Parag

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Katy A.M. Gaythorpe

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Ana B. Abecasis

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health (LA-REAL), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon (IHMT/UNL), Lisbon, Portugal

Matthew Smallman-Raynor

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors contributed equally.

Affiliation School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Nuno R. Faria

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors contributed equally.

Affiliations Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.