About the Authors

Benjamin Mubemba

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Wildlife Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia

Monicah M. Mburu

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia

Katendi Changula

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Walter Muleya

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Lavel C. Moonga

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Herman M. Chambaro

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Masahiro Kajihara

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Yongjin Qiu

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of International Research Promotion, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Yasuko Orba

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Kyoko Hayashida

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Catherine G. Sutcliffe

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Douglas E. Norris

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Philip E. Thuma

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia

Phillimon Ndubani

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia

Simbarashe Chitanga

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Hirofumi Sawa

Roles Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, Division of International Research Promotion, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan, International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Ayato Takada

Roles Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

atakada@czc.hokudai.ac.jp (AT); esikabala@yahoo.com (ES)

Affiliations Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Edgar Simulundu

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

atakada@czc.hokudai.ac.jp (AT); esikabala@yahoo.com (ES)

Affiliations Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia, Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.