About the Authors

Lucas E. Buyon

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ana Maria Santamaria

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama

Angela M. Early

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mario Quijada

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama

Itza Barahona

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ministerio de Salud, Panama, Panama

Jose Lasso

† Deceased.

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Ministerio de Salud, Panama, Panama

Mario Avila

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ministerio de Salud, Panama, Panama

Sarah K. Volkman

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Simmons University, College of Natural, Behavioral and Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Matthias Marti

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Daniel E. Neafsey

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

neafsey@hsph.harvard.edu (DEN); nobaldia@gorgas.gob.pa (NO)

Affiliations Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Nicanor Obaldia III

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

neafsey@hsph.harvard.edu (DEN); nobaldia@gorgas.gob.pa (NO)

Affiliations Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Author Jose Lasso was unable to confirm their authorship contributions. On their behalf, the corresponding author has reported their contributions to the best of their knowledge