About the Authors

Xavier Vallès

Contributed equally to this work with: Xavier Vallès, Nils Chr. Stenseth, Laurence Baril

xvalles@gmail.com

Affiliation Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Nils Chr. Stenseth

Contributed equally to this work with: Xavier Vallès, Nils Chr. Stenseth, Laurence Baril

Affiliations Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Christian Demeure

Affiliation Yersinia Research Unit, National Reference Centre “Plague & Other Yersinioses,” WHO Collaborating Research and Reference Centre for Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Peter Horby

Affiliation Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Paul S. Mead

Affiliation Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America

Oswaldo Cabanillas

Affiliation Control de Epidemia Desastres y Otras Emergencias Sanitarias, Oficina General de Epidemiologia, Ministerio de Salud, Perúu

Mahery Ratsitorahina

Affiliation Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Minoarisoa Rajerison

Affiliation Plague Unit, Central Laboratory for Plague, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana

Current address: Surveillance and Epidemiology Directorate at the Ministry of Public Health, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Affiliation Plague Unit, Central Laboratory for Plague, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Beza Ramasindrazana

Affiliation Plague Unit, Central Laboratory for Plague, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Javier Pizarro-Cerda

Affiliation Yersinia Research Unit, National Reference Centre “Plague & Other Yersinioses,” WHO Collaborating Research and Reference Centre for Yersinia, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Holger C. Scholz

Affiliation Reference Laboratory for Plague, Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany

Romain Girod

Affiliation Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

B. Joseph Hinnebusch

Affiliation Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Health, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America

Ines Vigan-Womas

Current address: Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal

Affiliation Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Arnaud Fontanet

Affiliations Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, PACRI unit, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France

David M. Wagner

Affiliation The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Sandra Telfer

Affiliation School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Yazdan Yazdanpanah

Affiliations REACTing, Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France

Pablo Tortosa

Affiliation Université de La Réunion, Unité Mixte de Recherche Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, La Réunion, France

Guia Carrara

Affiliation REACTing, Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

Jane Deuve

Affiliation Department of International Affairs, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Steven R. Belmain

Affiliation Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom

Eric D’Ortenzio

Affiliations REACTing, Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France

Laurence Baril

Contributed equally to this work with: Xavier Vallès, Nils Chr. Stenseth, Laurence Baril

Affiliation Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.