About the Authors

Scott M. Baliban

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Mingjun Yang

Affiliation University of Maryland Computer-Aided Drug Design Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Girish Ramachandran

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Brittany Curtis

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Surekha Shridhar

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Rachel S. Laufer

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Jin Y. Wang

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

John Van Druff

Affiliation Fina Biosolutions, Rockville, MD, United States of America

Ellen E. Higginson

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Nicolas Hegerle

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Kristen M. Varney

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

James E. Galen

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Sharon M. Tennant

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Andrew Lees

Affiliation Fina Biosolutions, Rockville, MD, United States of America

Alexander D. MacKerell Jr.

Affiliation University of Maryland Computer-Aided Drug Design Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Myron M. Levine

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Raphael Simon

rsimon@som.umaryland.edu

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Competing Interests

RS, SMT, JEG and MML are inventors on a patent describing flagellin based Salmonella glycoconjugate vaccines. RS, SMT and MML are inventors on a patent application describing the use of wzz system genes to produce vaccine polysaccharides. AL is the sole owner of Fina Biosolutions, is an inventor on patents describing the CDAP and aminoooxy thiol chemistry used in this study, and has developed and made available commercially through Fina Biosolutions the CRM197 protein used in this study. JVD is an employee of Fina Biosolutions.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: RS JEG SMT AL MML ADM. Formal analysis: RS SMT SMB ADM KMV. Funding acquisition: RS MML ADM. Investigation: SMB MY GR BC SS RSL JYW JVD EEH NH KMV. Methodology: RS SMT AL ADM. Project administration: RS. Software: ADM. Supervision: RS MML ADM SMT AL. Visualization: SMB RS KMV ADM MY EEH. Writing – original draft: SMB RS ADM. Writing – review & editing: RS SMB MML SMT ADM AL GR EEH.