About the Authors
- Hitoshi Kawada
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Contributed equally to this work with: Hitoshi Kawada, Yukiko Higa, Kyoko Futami, Takashi Suzuki
* E-mail: vergiss@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
Affiliation Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Yukiko Higa
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Contributed equally to this work with: Hitoshi Kawada, Yukiko Higa, Kyoko Futami, Takashi Suzuki
Affiliation Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Kyoko Futami
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Contributed equally to this work with: Hitoshi Kawada, Yukiko Higa, Kyoko Futami, Takashi Suzuki
Affiliation Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Yuto Muranami
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Affiliation Section of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Emiko Kawashima
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Affiliation Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Joseph H. N. Osei
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Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Kojo Yirenkyi Sakyi
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Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Samuel Dadzie
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Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Dziedzom K. de Souza
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Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Maxwell Appawu
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Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Nobuo Ohta
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Affiliation Section of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Takashi Suzuki
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Contributed equally to this work with: Hitoshi Kawada, Yukiko Higa, Kyoko Futami, Takashi Suzuki
Current Address: Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Kobe-Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
Affiliations Section of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Noboru Minakawa
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Affiliation Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: HK YH KF TS SD DKdS MA NO NM. Performed the experiments: HK YH YM JHNO TS EK KYS. Analyzed the data: HK KF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KF. Wrote the paper: HK KF MA. Obtained permission for field collection of mosquitoes: SD DKdS MA TS NO NM. Revised the article critically for important intellectual content: SD DKdS MA NM. Final approval of the version to be published: DKdS NO NM.