About the Authors

Abhilasha Karkey

Contributed equally to this work with: Abhilasha Karkey, Thibaut Jombart

Affiliation Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

Thibaut Jombart

Contributed equally to this work with: Abhilasha Karkey, Thibaut Jombart

Affiliation MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Alan W. Walker

Affiliations The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom, Microbiology Group, The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Corinne N. Thompson

Affiliations The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom

Andres Torres

Affiliation Grupo de Investigación Ciencia e Ingeniería del Agua y el Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia

Sabina Dongol

Affiliation Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

Nga Tran Vu Thieu

Affiliation The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Duy Pham Thanh

Affiliation The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Dung Tran Thi Ngoc

Affiliation The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Phat Voong Vinh

Affiliation The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Andrew C. Singer

Affiliation NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Julian Parkhill

Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom

Guy Thwaites

Affiliations The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom

Buddha Basnyat

Affiliation Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal

Neil Ferguson

Affiliation MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Stephen Baker

sbaker@oucru.org

Affiliations The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom, The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AK SB. Performed the experiments: AK SD AWW JP NTVT DPT DTTN PVV. Analyzed the data: AK TJ AWW CNT AT NTVT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TB AT ACS JP BB NF. Wrote the paper: AK TJ AWW CNT AT AS SB GT.