About the Authors

Nicola A. Wardrop

Nicola.Wardrop@soton.ac.uk

Affiliation Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Lian F. Thomas

Affiliations Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

Peter M. Atkinson

Affiliations Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom, Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

William A. de Glanville

Affiliations Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

Elizabeth A. J. Cook

Affiliations Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

C. Njeri Wamae

Affiliations Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya

Sarah Gabriël

Affiliation Unit of Veterinary Helminthology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Pierre Dorny

Affiliation Unit of Veterinary Helminthology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Leslie J. S. Harrison

Affiliation Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Eric M. Fèvre

Affiliations International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NAW EMF. Performed the experiments: LFT WAdG EAJC NAW. Analyzed the data: NAW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CNW SG PD LJSH EMF. Wrote the paper: NAW LFT PMA WAdG EAJC CNW SG PD LJSH EMF.