About the Authors

Rosalind E. Howes

rosalind.howes@zoo.ox.ac.uk

Affiliations Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Robert C. Reiner Jr.

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Katherine E. Battle

Affiliation Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Joshua Longbottom

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Bonnie Mappin

Affiliation Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Dariya Ordanovich

Affiliation Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom

Andrew J. Tatem

Affiliations Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom, Flowminder Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden

Chris Drakeley

Affiliation Malaria Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Peter W. Gething

Affiliation Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Peter A. Zimmerman

Affiliation Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

David L. Smith

Affiliations Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Sanaria Institute for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America

Simon I. Hay

Affiliations Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: REH RCR DLS SIH. Performed the experiments: REH RCR KEB JL BM DO. Analyzed the data: REH RCR DLS SIH. Wrote the paper: REH RCR KEB JL BM DO AJT CD PWG PAZ DLS SIH.