About the Authors

Glyn A. Vale

valeglyn@gmail.com

Affiliations South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, United Kingdom

John W. Hargrove

Affiliation South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa

N. Alan Cullis

Affiliation Early Warning Systems, Wembley, Pietermaritzburg, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

Andrew Chamisa

Affiliation Division of Tsetse Control, Harare, Zimbabwe

Stephen J. Torr

Affiliations Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GAV JWH NAC AC SJT. Performed the experiments: GAV. Analyzed the data: GAV JWH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GAV JWH NAC AC SJT. Wrote the paper: GAV JWH NAC AC SJT. Designed electrical circuit of transformers: NAC.