About the Authors

Chun-hua Gao

Affiliation National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Public Health, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China

Yue-tao Yang

Affiliation National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Public Health, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China

Feng Shi

Affiliation National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Public Health, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China

Jun-yun Wang

wang_junyun@yahoo.com (JyW); dsteverding@hotmail.com (DS)

Affiliation National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Laboratory of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Public Health, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China

Dietmar Steverding

wang_junyun@yahoo.com (JyW); dsteverding@hotmail.com (DS)

Affiliation BioMedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom

Xia Wang

Affiliation BioMedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JW. Performed the experiments: CG YY FS. Analyzed the data: JW CG DS XW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YY FS. Wrote the paper: DS JW XW.