About the Authors

Emi Kitashoji

Affiliation Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan

Nobuo Koizumi

nkoizumi@niid.go.jp (NK); kari@nagasaki-u.ac.jp (KA)

Affiliation Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Talitha Lea V. Lacuesta

Affiliation San Lazaro Hospital, Santa Cruz, Manila, Republic of the Philippines

Daisuke Usuda

Affiliations Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan, Department of Community Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Himi Municipal Hospital, Himi City, Toyama, Japan

Maricel R. Ribo

Affiliation San Lazaro Hospital, Santa Cruz, Manila, Republic of the Philippines

Edith S. Tria

Affiliation San Lazaro Hospital, Santa Cruz, Manila, Republic of the Philippines

Winston S. Go

Affiliation San Lazaro Hospital, Santa Cruz, Manila, Republic of the Philippines

Maiko Kojiro

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Hospital, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan

Christopher M. Parry

Affiliations Department of Global Health, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Efren M. Dimaano

Affiliation San Lazaro Hospital, Santa Cruz, Manila, Republic of the Philippines

Jose B. Villarama

Affiliation San Lazaro Hospital, Santa Cruz, Manila, Republic of the Philippines

Makoto Ohnishi

Affiliation Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Motoi Suzuki

Affiliation Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan

Koya Ariyoshi

nkoizumi@niid.go.jp (NK); kari@nagasaki-u.ac.jp (KA)

Affiliation Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NK CMP MO MS KA. Performed the experiments: EK NK. Analyzed the data: EK MS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EK TLVL DU MRR EST WSG MK EMD JBV MS. Wrote the paper: EK NK CMP MS KA.