About the Authors

Matthew J. Burton

matthew.burton@lshtm.ac.uk

Affiliations Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom, Department of Ophthalmology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania

Saul N. Rajak

Affiliation Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Victor H. Hu

Affiliations Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Department of Ophthalmology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania

Athumani Ramadhani

Affiliations Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Department of Ophthalmology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania

Esmael Habtamu

Affiliations Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Patrick Massae

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania

Zerihun Tadesse

Affiliation The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Kelly Callahan

Affiliation The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Paul M. Emerson

Affiliation International Trachoma Initiative, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Peng T. Khaw

Affiliation National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom

David Jeffries

Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia

David C. W. Mabey

Affiliation Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Robin L. Bailey

Affiliation Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Helen A. Weiss

Affiliation Medical Research Council (MRC) Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Martin J. Holland

Affiliation Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MJB SNR VHH PME PTK DCWM RLB MJH. Performed the experiments: MJB SNR VHH AR EH PM ZT KC. Analyzed the data: MJB DJ HAW MJH. Wrote the paper: MJB SNR VHH AR EH PM ZT KC PME PTK DJ DCWM RLB HAW MJH.