About the Authors

Frédérique Chammartin

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Clarisse A. Houngbedji

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d′Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d′Ivoire, Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogua, Abidjan, Côte d′Ivoire

Eveline Hürlimann

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d′Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d′Ivoire

Richard B. Yapi

Affiliations Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d′Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d′Ivoire, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d′Ivoire

Kigbafori D. Silué

Affiliations Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d′Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d′Ivoire, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d′Ivoire

Gotianwa Soro

Affiliation Programme National de Santé Scolaire et Universitaire, Abidjan, Côte d′Ivoire

Ferdinand N. Kouamé

Affiliation Programme National de Santé Scolaire et Universitaire, Abidjan, Côte d′Ivoire

Eliézer K. N′Goran

Affiliations Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d′Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d′Ivoire, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d′Ivoire

Jürg Utzinger

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Giovanna Raso

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d′Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d′Ivoire

Penelope Vounatsou

penelope.vounatsou@unibas.ch

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EKN JU GR PV. Performed the experiments: CAH EH RBY KDS GS FNK GR. Analyzed the data: FC. Wrote the paper: FC JU PV.