About the Authors

Fred Andayi

fredandayi@yahoo.com

Affiliation Aix Marseille Université, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 “Emergence des Pathologies Virales”, Marseille, France

Remi N. Charrel

Affiliations Aix Marseille Université, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 “Emergence des Pathologies Virales”, Marseille, France, IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France

Alexia Kieffer

Affiliations Aix Marseille Université, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 “Emergence des Pathologies Virales”, Marseille, France, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique de Rennes (EHESP), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France

Herve Richet

Affiliations Aix Marseille Université, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 “Emergence des Pathologies Virales”, Marseille, France, IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France

Boris Pastorino

Affiliations Aix Marseille Université, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 “Emergence des Pathologies Virales”, Marseille, France, IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France

Isabelle Leparc-Goffart

Affiliation French National Reference Centre for Arboviruses, IRBA, Marseille, France

Ammar Abdo Ahmed

Affiliation Ministère de la Santé, Institut National de Santé Publique, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti

Fabrice Carrat

Affiliation INSERM UMR-S 707, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6; Department of Public Health, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France

Antoine Flahault

Affiliation Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique de Rennes (EHESP), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France

Xavier de Lamballerie

Affiliations Aix Marseille Université, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 “Emergence des Pathologies Virales”, Marseille, France, IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Marseille, France, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique de Rennes (EHESP), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: XdL AF. Performed the experiments: FA BP ILG. Analyzed the data: FA AK RNC HR AF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: XdL FC AF ILG. Wrote the paper: FA XdL RNC. Field coordination: FA AK AAA FC XdL.