About the Authors

Hamza Leulmi

Affiliation Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France

Cristina Socolovschi

Affiliation Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France

Anne Laudisoit

Affiliations The University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, University of Antwerp, Evolutionary Ecology, Groenenborgerlaan, Antwerp, Belgium

Gualbert Houemenou

Affiliation Unité de Recherche en Zoogeographie, Universite de Liège, Sart Tilman, Belgique

Bernard Davoust

Affiliation Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France

Idir Bitam

Affiliations Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France, Université de Boumerdes Laboratoire VALCORE, Faculté des Sciences, Bourmedes, Algérie, Université de Bab Ezzouar, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et Environnement, Alger, Algérie

Didier Raoult

Affiliation Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France

Philippe Parola

philippe.parola@univ-amu.fr

Affiliation Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DR PP. Performed the experiments: HL CS. Analyzed the data: CS AL IB DR PP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GH AL BD CS. Wrote the paper: HL CS AL GH BD IB DR PP. First drafted the paper: HL.