About the Authors

Sachiyo Nagi

Affiliations Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Evans A. Chadeka

Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan

Toshihiko Sunahara

Affiliation Department of Vector Biology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan

Faith Mutungi

Affiliation Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya

Yombo K. Dan Justin

Affiliations Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Satoshi Kaneko

Affiliation Department of EcoEpidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan

Yoshio Ichinose

Affiliation Nagasaki University Nairobi Research Station, NUITM-KEMRI Project, Nairobi, Kenya

Sohkichi Matsumoto

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan

Sammy M. Njenga

Affiliation Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya

Masahiro Hashizume

Affiliation Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan

Masaaki Shimada

shimadam@nagasaki-u.ac.jp (MS); shinjiro@nagasaki-u.ac.jp (SH)

Affiliations Department of EcoEpidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan, Nagasaki University Nairobi Research Station, NUITM-KEMRI Project, Nairobi, Kenya

Shinjiro Hamano

shimadam@nagasaki-u.ac.jp (MS); shinjiro@nagasaki-u.ac.jp (SH)

Affiliations Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan, Nagasaki University Nairobi Research Station, NUITM-KEMRI Project, Nairobi, Kenya

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MS SH SMN SN. Performed the experiments: SN EAC FM YKDJ SM SH. Analyzed the data: SN TS MH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SK MS YI SH SM SN EAC. Wrote the paper: SN EAC TS SH.