About the Authors

Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi

Affiliations Department of Parasitology, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Rosine Ali Ekangu

Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Marie France Mumvemba Kodi

Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Patient Pati Pyana

Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Fatima Balharbi

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Mélanie Decq

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Victor Kande Betu

Affiliation Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Wim Van der Veken

Affiliation Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Claude Sese

Affiliation Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Joris Menten

Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Philippe Büscher

pbuscher@itg.be

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Veerle Lejon

Affiliation UMR 177 IRD-CIRAD INTERTRYP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PB VL DMN JM. Performed the experiments: RAE PPP FB MD MFMK. Analyzed the data: MD VL PB JM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: VKB CS WVdV PB. Wrote the paper: MD VL JM PB WVdV PPP RAE.