About the Authors

Gathoni Kamuyu

GKamuyu@kemri-wellcome.org

Affiliations KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, The Centre of Geographical Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya, Studies of the Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Surveillance Systems (SEEDS)-INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana

Christian Bottomley

Affiliations Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

James Mageto

Affiliations KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, The Centre of Geographical Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya

Brett Lowe

Affiliations KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, The Centre of Geographical Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya, Studies of the Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Surveillance Systems (SEEDS)-INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Patricia P. Wilkins

Affiliation Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

John C. Noh

Affiliation Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Thomas B. Nutman

Affiliation Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Anthony K. Ngugi

Affiliations KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, The Centre of Geographical Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya, Studies of the Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Surveillance Systems (SEEDS)-INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana, Research Support Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University (East Africa), Nairobi, Kenya

Rachael Odhiambo

Affiliation KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, The Centre of Geographical Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya

Ryan G. Wagner

Affiliations MRC/Wits Rural Public Health & Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Angelina Kakooza-Mwesige

Affiliations Studies of the Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Surveillance Systems (SEEDS)-INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana, Iganga-Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Iganga, Uganda, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda

Seth Owusu-Agyei

Affiliation Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana

Kenneth Ae-Ngibise

Affiliation Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana

Honorati Masanja

Affiliation Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania

Faith H. A. Osier

Affiliation KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, The Centre of Geographical Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya

Peter Odermatt

Affiliations Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, Unversity of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Charles R. Newton

Affiliations KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, The Centre of Geographical Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya, Studies of the Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Surveillance Systems (SEEDS)-INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana, Neurosciences Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom, Clinical Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

on behalf of the Study of Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Sites (SEEDS) group

Membership of the Study of Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Sites (SEEDS) group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GK CB BL CRN. Performed the experiments: GK JM FHAO BL. Analyzed the data: GK CB PO CRN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PPW JCN TBN. Wrote the paper: GK CB CRN. Coordinated and monitored sample collection in the case control studies: AKN RGW AKM SOA KAN HM. Created the database and monitored data from all centres: RO.