About the Authors

Glyn A. Vale

valeglyn@gmail.com

Affiliations Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, United Kingdom, Southern African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa

John W. Hargrove

Affiliation Southern African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa

Philippe Solano

Affiliation The Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - The Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (IRD-CIRAD), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Fabrice Courtin

Affiliation The Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - The Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (IRD-CIRAD), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Jean-Baptiste Rayaisse

Affiliation The Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - The Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (IRD-CIRAD), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Michael J. Lehane

Affiliation Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Johan Esterhuizen

Affiliation Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Inaki Tirados

Affiliation Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Stephen J. Torr

Affiliations Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GAV SJT JWH PS MJL. Performed the experiments: GAV. Analyzed the data: GAV SJT JWH PS MJL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GAV. Wrote the paper: GAV SJT JWH PS MJL FC JBR JE IT.