About the Authors

Stephen D. Bentley

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Iñaki Comas

Affiliations Genomics and Health Unit, Centre for Public Health Research, Valencia, Spain, Division of Mycobacterial Research, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom

Josephine M. Bryant

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Danielle Walker

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Noel H. Smith

Affiliation TB Research Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA), Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom and The Centre for the Study of Evolution, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom

Simon R. Harris

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Scott Thurston

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Sebastien Gagneux

Affiliations Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Jonathan Wood

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Martin Antonio

Affiliation Vaccinology Theme, MRC Unit, Banjul, The Gambia

Michael A. Quail

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Florian Gehre

Affiliations Vaccinology Theme, MRC Unit, Banjul, The Gambia, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Richard A. Adegbola

Affiliation Vaccinology Theme, MRC Unit, Banjul, The Gambia

Julian Parkhill

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Bouke C. de Jong

bdejong@itg.be

Affiliations Vaccinology Theme, MRC Unit, Banjul, The Gambia, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SDB JP RAA MA BCdJ. Performed the experiments: DW JMB SRH ST JW MAQ FG. Analyzed the data: SDB IC JMB NHS SG FG BCdJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MA JP SDB. Wrote the paper: SDB IC SG MA BCdJ.