About the Authors

Angelica Bonomi

Affiliation Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Federico Bassetti

Affiliation Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Paolo Gabrieli

Affiliation Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Jon Beadell

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Marco Falchetto

Affiliation Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Francesca Scolari

Affiliation Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Ludvik M. Gomulski

Affiliation Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Eugenio Regazzini

Affiliation Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Johnson O. Ouma

Affiliation Trypanosomiasis Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Kikuyu, Kenya

Adalgisa Caccone

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Loyce M. Okedi

Affiliation National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda

Geoffrey M. Attardo

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Carmela R. Guglielmino

Affiliation Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Serap Aksoy

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Anna R. Malacrida

malacrid@unipv.it

Affiliation Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ARM SA JOO AC. Performed the experiments: AB PG MF FS. Analyzed the data: AB FB ER PG LMG CRG SA ARM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JB LMO AC GMA. Wrote the paper: ARM CRG SA FB.