About the Authors

Francisca Mutapi

f.mutapi@ed.ac.uk

Affiliation Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Nadine Rujeni

Affiliation Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Claire Bourke

Affiliation Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Kate Mitchell

Current address: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Affiliation Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Laura Appleby

Affiliation Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Norman Nausch

Affiliation Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Nicholas Midzi

Affiliation National Institute of Health Research, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe

Takafira Mduluza

Current address: Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute, Gaborone, Botswana

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: FM TM NM. Performed the experiments: FM NN NR KM CB LA NM TM. Analyzed the data: FM. Wrote the paper: FM. Contributed to the fieldwork and the final version of the manuscript: FM NN NR KM CB LA NM TM.