About the Authors

Helena A. Ngowi

h_ngowi@yahoo.com

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

Ayub A. Kassuku

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

Hélène Carabin

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America

James E. D. Mlangwa

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

Malongo R. S. Mlozi

Affiliation Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

Boniface P. Mbilinyi

Affiliation Department of Agricultural Engineering and Land Planning, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

Arve L. Willingham III

Affiliation WHO/FAO Collaborating Center for Research and Training on Emerging and Other Parasitic Zoonoses, Danish Centre for Experimental Parasitology, The Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HAN AAK HC JEM MRM BPM ALWI. Performed the experiments: HAN. Analyzed the data: HAN BPM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BPM. Wrote the paper: HAN. Supervised the research: AAK HC JEDM MRSM ALW. Critically reviewed the paper: AAK HC JEDM MRSM BPM ALW.