After this article [1] was published, the following concerns were noted:
- The article cited as Reference 94 was retracted before [1] was published.
- The article cited as Reference 44 was retracted after [1] was published.
- A lack of supporting citations for statements in the Introduction section.
- The articles cited as References 3, 4, 5, 14, 36, and 70 do not appear to support the corresponding cited statements.
In addition, the PLOS One Editors have concerns about compliance with the PLOS Authorship policy.
In light of the cumulative issues, the PLOS One Editors issue this Expression of Concern. Readers are advised to interpret the article [1] with caution.
Reference
Citation: The PLOS One Editors (2026) Expression of Concern: Strategic planning as a catalyst for sustainability: A mediated model of strategic intent and formulation in manufacturing SMEs. PLoS One 21(7): e0354302. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0354302
Published: July 22, 2026
Copyright: © 2026 The PLOS One Editors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.