The PLOS One Editors retract this article [1,2] because it was identified as one of a series of submissions for which we have concerns about potential manipulation of the publication process, peer review integrity, and authorship. These concerns call into question the validity and provenance of the reported results. We regret that the issues were not identified prior to the article’s publication.
MSK, YAK, and SZA did not agree with the retraction. SA, HK, DTD, and MTS either did not respond directly or could not be reached.
References
- 1. Karimi MS, Ahmad S, Karamelikli H, Dinç DT, Khan YA, Sabzehei MT, et al. RETRACTED: Dynamic linkages between renewable energy, carbon emissions and economic growth through nonlinear ARDL approach: Evidence from Iran. PLoS One. 2021;16(7):e0253464. pmid:34280209
- 2. Karimi MS, Ahmad S, Karamelikli H, Dinç DT, Khan YA, Sabzehei MT, et al. Correction: Dynamic linkages between renewable energy, carbon emissions and economic growth through nonlinear ARDL approach: Evidence from Iran. PLoS One. 2021;16(10):e0258612. pmid:34634093
Citation: The PLOS One Editors (2026) Retraction: Dynamic linkages between renewable energy, carbon emissions and economic growth through nonlinear ARDL approach: Evidence from Iran. PLoS One 21(4): e0346951. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0346951
Published: April 13, 2026
Copyright: © 2026 The PLOS One Editors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.